One of the most common pathologies of the muskuloskeletal system is a chemical disease (otherwise gonarthrosis), a chronic disease accompanied by dystrophy and is the destruction of the architectural structures.
The result of destructive processes is a complete loss of severe limitation or joint mobility, and the result - performance, disability reduction.
It is possible to prevent negative results, only if you are early in time and if you are in the early diagnosis and therapy.
Reasons
With origin, the knee arithic is the main and secondary.The primary independent is developing as an independent disease, which is often diagnosed in older people, and in this case, age is aged for age for years.Secondary gonarthrosis, the result of other diseases and disorders in the body.
Gonarthrosis Development:
- Injuries (displacement, fractures, meniscus damage);
- Diseases of the muskuloskeletal system (congenital deformity of legs, Knowledge Displasi, Khondrocalsinosis, Arthritis, Osteoporosis);
- Professional activity, joint loads of high cargo due to professional sports;
- Overweight, obesity;
- Endocrine diseases, including diabetes, hypothyroidism, acromy;
- metabolic disorders;
- Genetic tendency.
Symptoms
Two major clinical manifestations of inflammation with the arthropist of the knee joint - accompanied by pain and edema.The intensity and frequency of the pain of the pain depends on the depth of the damage to joint structures.In the early stage, pain only feels one load, it is fast.Pain with advanced gonarthrosis is always available, while in the actions, it is intensified by the change of air.
Other symptoms of knee combination:
- crisis while moving;
- joint, violation of motor function;
- Deformation of the knee (with indifferent geonarthrosis).
Gonarthroz can be accompanied by a synovite (collection of fluid in a joint space) and a baker's next formation (a supple formation behind the knee).
Arthrosis rate
The symptoms of the knee joint arctism are different depending on the depths of damage to the structures of the knee, and therefore 3 phases of 3 pathology are different.
- 1 degree arthrosphere of knee jointWeak pains (transmitted at a time) in loads with a light stiffness after sleep.In the radiographic picture, the joint cavity (less than three) is the presence of odd osteophyte (bones).
- Knee joint 2 degree arthroosThe actions are accompanied by pain and characteristic crisis.The pain continues in a rest in a while.The morning stiffness, the restriction of action amplitude was recorded.Diagnostic procedures reveal a clear contraction of the joint space (more than half) and more than one osteofit.
- Knee 3 degree arthraAccompanied by continuous aching pain, which is stronger at night and night.The stiffness of the morning remains more than an hour during the exacerbation of inflammation and at least half an hour - in remission.The joint mobility is severely limited or completely lost.Very large osteophyte, cysts appear in radiographic.The joint space is more than two, it is more than normal.
Depending on the degree of arthrosis of the knee combination, patient is assigned conservative or surgical treatment.
Diagnosis
The diagnosis of the knee joint diagnosis includes visual examination, patient complaints, laboratory tests (urine analysis, general and biochemical blood tests) and an analysis of instrumental examination methods.
The following diagnostic procedures allow you to confirm or refute the diagnosis:
- Radiography;
- Ultrasound (ultrasonic);
- MRI (magnetic resonance image);
- CT (computer tomography);
- Arthroscopy and Skintigraphy (with suspicion of a tumor).
Using these methods, it is possible to discover the presence of liquids with the growth of joint space, the tenderness and deformation of cartilage, joint cavity, synovial membranes, osteophyte's growth and ossion of cartilage.
Conservative treatment
Conservative treatment methods can reduce pain and inflammation, can improve the blood circulation and nutrition of periods of periodizat, can improve the muscle apparatus.
For this purpose they are:
- Drug therapy;
- be surrounded;
- Physiotherapy and hand therapy;
- Medical physical education.
An important part of Artrosis is a therapeutic diet.
The conservative treatment of the arching of knee joint will be effective in the early phase of the disease, when the synovial crust is intersection, inflammation and impaired functions are small doprophic bosses, will be effective in the early phase of the disease.
Medicine
Drug treatment includes destination:
- Non-anti -inflamakuator medications (NSAID);
- Chondroprotants;
- Hyaluronic acid.
Nsaid
Non-meter drugs help to eliminate inflammation, basic symptoms - reduce edema and pain.
Basins are set in the format of solutions (intramuscular management) or tablets, capsules (for oral management) format.The arthros and tablets of the NSAID Group's knee joint are carried out in short courses, because drugs have a strong irritating effect on the stomach and can lead to the development of peptic ulcers, and there are many other side effects.
Extraordinary drugs based on uncertain anti-infunflamational components (ointments, gels, creams).Local therapy is allowed to be implemented for a longer period of time.
NSAIDS has an anti-pronunciation effect, but it helps further destruction of cartilage with a long time.
NSAIDS is symptomatic therapy.They help eliminate the unpleasant symptoms of the disease, but they do not affect the condition of cartilage.Unlike these products, chondroprotants and hyaluronic acid accelerate the process of restoring cartilage tissue and slow their destruction.
Chondroprotants
Chondroprotector group medicines contain chondroitin and glucosamine (structural cartilage elements) and help you to restore your knees with a knee joint's artro.They solve a solution for the injection, for the injection, in the form of tablets, oral management.
The minimum course to take tablets and dust is 3 months.After a break, the course is repeated 2-3 times.The course of treatment in a solution includes 12-15 injections, repeated 2-3 times a year.
The first positive results of the treatment of chondroprotters are noticeable in a few months after the start of therapy.
Hyaluronic acid
Hyaluronic acid is subtle to the affected combination.Treatment for arthrosis of knee combination is friction - covers articular surfaces, thus reduces the friction between them.
Hyaluronic acid therapy drugs help increase the elasticity of cartilage tissue, preventing further destruction of articular structures, which improve the merger of the combination, reduces inflammatory symptoms.Medications are well tolerated, do not cause side effects.Their only deficiency is a high price.
The course of treatment with hyaluronic acid usually includes 3-4 injections performed with 10-14 days of breaks.
Blockade
Medicines with non-metropolitan drugs, if it is impossible to eliminate knee pain with Arthrosis, a method of treatment that is included in direct affected tissues to eliminate pain and inflammation.Arthrosis is used in the articular (injecticular in the articular cavity) and peredicular (peredicular gap) in surrounding therapy.
The main advantage of the method is an instantaneous purpose, because the maximum concentration of the active substance has been created in the inflammatory zone since such entry.In addition, the drugs do not significantly reduce the risk of negative reactions in a systemic blood flow.
In the next stages of gonarthrosis, the articular gap is shrinking, osteophylls are growing, joint surfaces are deformed, so it is only perceptible block.
Blocking knee joint for Arthosus can be carried out using anesthesics and corticosteroids.
Anesthesia is usually applied along with steroid hormones to reduce the pain of the procedure.
Hyaluronic acid and chndroprotants can be included in the joint directly.However, in this case, these drugs do not prevent painful impulses, because these drugs do not block pain pulses, but triggers the processes of cartilage tissue regeneration.
Physiotherapy and hand therapy
The main methods of physiotherapy effects used in the treatment of arthros are as follows:
- Laser treatment;
- ultrasonic therapy;
- Criotherapy;
- Therapy with paraffin and ozokeritis;
- The mud.
The main task of all physiotherapy procedures is to stimulate blood circulation in nearby tissues, improve the nutrition of cartilage.
Therapy
Pain syndrome forces a patient to restrict motor activities as a result of an atrophy of nearby ligaments and muscles.This situation has a negative impact on joint tissues, because it becomes the cartilage of nutrients during this action.If the joint is constantly at the rest, the dystrophic processes are worried.
Therefore, physiotherapy exercises are an integral part of conservative therapy.The average physical activity allows you to strengthen the muscle apparatus, increase the strength of articular structures, to eliminate stiffness and improve the function of the directory.
Therapeutic training trainings are prepared by each patient, generating the depth of the lesion and the functional state of the articular structures for each patient.
General recommendations for training therapy for arthrosis of knee combination:
- Start classes after stopping sharp inflammatory signs;
- Fulfill all exercises smoothly without making instant actions;
- The truck gradually increases;
- Eliminate the high loads of joint (directly-developed flexion / extension);
- If pain or anxiety seems, stop training.
Diet
Contains products: containing products:
- amino acids (dairy products, low meat range);
- collagen (food with gelatin);
- invaluable fatty acids (vegetable oils, fish);
- Sulfur and selenium (beans, cereals, cabbage and apple, beef, chicken, eggs).
This is also important:
- Eliminate smoking meat, pickles, marinates;
- Limit the consumption of salt;
- To observe a 5-layer diet;
- Observe the beverage mode.
The body weight is already one of the main factors that provoked the development of arthrosis of knee joint.Therefore, the task of patients with excessive weight is a reduction in body weight.In this situation, you can get the result with the help of only a diet, because intensive sport is harmful to inflammable playful.
It is recommended to be excluded from the menu to reduce body weight:
- oily types of meat and fish;
- Cream, homemade dairy products containing homemade sour cream and fat content;
- Margarine, mayonnaise, various sauces;
- sweets;
- Fast food;
- Sweet drinks.
Surgery
Artroos of the 3rd grade knee joint is not suitable for conservative therapy, so the operation is the only way out for the patient.
There are two options for surgery:
- Corrective osteotomy- It is carried out in the early phase of the third stage of gonarthrosis, if the cartilage is partially destroyed, it is possible to remove osteophyte;
- Endoprostetics- Replacement of joint or destroyed parts is carried out by complete destruction of cartilage.
Predict
Pathological changes in the joint structure are progressive, irreversible.However, you can completely stop inflammation with early diagnosis and proper treatment - 1st grade knee joint arthrosis, gives good lending to conservative therapy.
Conservative methods with arthrosis of 2nd degree, accompanied by the destruction of the cartoon and the formation of osteophylls, allows you to slow down or stop the imperformance of cartilage deformation, stop and improve motor activity.However, doctors often have to apply to arthroscopy, often.
In a conservative way, it is impossible to treat the artrosis of 3 degree knee joint.The only way to restore the movement of the knee is the surgery.